How We Use Some And Any In English

How We Use Some And Any In English

rayhan fadillah       Comment   

Some and Any dipakai dikala speaker (orang yang berbicara) tidak dapat/tidak perlu menyebutkan suatu angka/jumlah secara spesifik.

Perbandingan :

• I saw seven bird when riding my bike in the forest yesterday. (It is important that you know how many bird I saw/jumlah burung yang Saya lihat sangat penting untuk diketahui)
• I saw some bird when riding my bike in the forest yesterday. (I don't know exactly how many bird I saw. Or : It is not important that you know exactly how many bird I saw/Saya tidak tahu niscaya berapa banyak burung yang Saya lihat, atau : jumlah burung yang Saya lah tidaklah penting)

Aturan some and any tersebut berlaku juga untuk :

• somebody/anybody,
• something/anything, etc.

Umumnya, some dipakai dalam bentuk kalimat aktual :

• I got some nice presents for Christmas this year.
• This job is going to take some time.
• Look! There are some large black birds on the roof of the church.
• You have some butter on your chin.
• If you are hungry, there are some biscuits in the cupboard.
• I'm sure I'll return to Japan some day.
• There is somebody on the phone for you.
• I'd like to go somewhere hot this summer.

Umumnya, any dipakai dalam bentuk kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan :

• I didn't get any nice presents for Christmas this year.
• I looked in the cupboard but I couldn't find any biscuits.
• I don't need any help.
• She's so rude. No wonder she doesn't have any friends.
• I don't have anything to wear to the dance.
• I'm not hungry. I don't want anything to eat.

• Do you have any brothers or sisters?
• Did you catch any fish?
• Have you seen any good films recently?
• Does anyone know the answer?
• Are you going anywhere this Christmas?

Selain itu, some juga sanggup dipakai dalam kalimat offering/requesting :

• Would you like some more tea?
• Could I have some milk, please?
• Do you want something to eat?

Any dipakai dalam kalimat aktual apabila suatu hal yang kita maksud tidaklah berarti/penting, menyerupai contohnya :

• You can come and ask for my help any time.
• Which book shall I read? - Any one. It's up to you.
• You can sit anywhere but here. This is my seat!

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How We Use Some And Any In English

How We Use Some And Any In English

rayhan fadillah       Comment   

Some and Any dipakai dikala speaker (orang yang berbicara) tidak dapat/tidak perlu menyebutkan suatu angka/jumlah secara spesifik.

Perbandingan :

• I saw seven bird when riding my bike in the forest yesterday. (It is important that you know how many bird I saw/jumlah burung yang Saya lihat sangat penting untuk diketahui)
• I saw some bird when riding my bike in the forest yesterday. (I don't know exactly how many bird I saw. Or : It is not important that you know exactly how many bird I saw/Saya tidak tahu niscaya berapa banyak burung yang Saya lihat, atau : jumlah burung yang Saya lah tidaklah penting)

Aturan some and any tersebut berlaku juga untuk :

• somebody/anybody,
• something/anything, etc.

Umumnya, some dipakai dalam bentuk kalimat aktual :

• I got some nice presents for Christmas this year.
• This job is going to take some time.
• Look! There are some large black birds on the roof of the church.
• You have some butter on your chin.
• If you are hungry, there are some biscuits in the cupboard.
• I'm sure I'll return to Japan some day.
• There is somebody on the phone for you.
• I'd like to go somewhere hot this summer.

Umumnya, any dipakai dalam bentuk kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan :

• I didn't get any nice presents for Christmas this year.
• I looked in the cupboard but I couldn't find any biscuits.
• I don't need any help.
• She's so rude. No wonder she doesn't have any friends.
• I don't have anything to wear to the dance.
• I'm not hungry. I don't want anything to eat.

• Do you have any brothers or sisters?
• Did you catch any fish?
• Have you seen any good films recently?
• Does anyone know the answer?
• Are you going anywhere this Christmas?

Selain itu, some juga sanggup dipakai dalam kalimat offering/requesting :

• Would you like some more tea?
• Could I have some milk, please?
• Do you want something to eat?

Any dipakai dalam kalimat aktual apabila suatu hal yang kita maksud tidaklah berarti/penting, menyerupai contohnya :

• You can come and ask for my help any time.
• Which book shall I read? - Any one. It's up to you.
• You can sit anywhere but here. This is my seat!

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(Grammar) How We Use Too And Enough In English

(Grammar) How We Use Too And Enough In English

rayhan fadillah       Comment   

Too. An adverb of excess; with to + infinitive and/or for + (pro)noun.

This soup is very hot; I can't drink it.
This soup is too hot (for me) to drink.

That's a lot of money; a book like that shouldn't cost so much.
That's too much money for a book like that.

*Expect the mistake :
This soup is too hot for me to drink it.

The infinitive, even of a transitive verb, has no object if this would represent the same person or thing as the subject of the main verb, be, seem, etc.

Enough. Whereas too has a negative sense, enough, also with infinitive, has positive sense.

Compare :

He is too ill to need a doctor.
= He is so ill that it's useless to send for a doctor.

He is ill enough to need a doctor.
= He is so ill that we must send for a doctor at once.

Enough comes in front of a noun and after an adjective or adverb.

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(Grammar) How We Use Too And Enough In English

(Grammar) How We Use Too And Enough In English

rayhan fadillah       Comment   

Too. An adverb of excess; with to + infinitive and/or for + (pro)noun.

This soup is very hot; I can't drink it.
This soup is too hot (for me) to drink.

That's a lot of money; a book like that shouldn't cost so much.
That's too much money for a book like that.

*Expect the mistake :
This soup is too hot for me to drink it.

The infinitive, even of a transitive verb, has no object if this would represent the same person or thing as the subject of the main verb, be, seem, etc.

Enough. Whereas too has a negative sense, enough, also with infinitive, has positive sense.

Compare :

He is too ill to need a doctor.
= He is so ill that it's useless to send for a doctor.

He is ill enough to need a doctor.
= He is so ill that we must send for a doctor at once.

Enough comes in front of a noun and after an adjective or adverb.

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Countables And Uncountables (Lists, Sets, Worksheet, And Excercise)

Countables And Uncountables (Lists, Sets, Worksheet, And Excercise)

rayhan fadillah       Comment   

Nouns naming things that we cannot count (Uncountable or Mass Nouns) have no indefinite article, and usually no plural. i.e., Ink, water, wood.

Remember that only Countable (or unit) nouns take a or an.
Examples :

• A cigarette is made of a tobacco and a paper.
• A milk comes from a cow.
• We make a butter and a cheese from a milk.
• A window is made of a glass.
• A handkerchief is made of a piece of cloth.
• A grass has always grows in an English field.
• A chair is made of a wood.
• A cat has a tail.
• A man eats a meat.
• A ring is made of a gold or a silver.
• A coffee is a drink.
• A coat is made of a wool.

Uncountable Nouns and Countable Nouns in the plural, are preceded by some when 'a certain quantity, or number' is implied.

Bread is good for us. (All bread, in general)
Give me some bread. (A certain quantity)

Examples :

• A table has four legs.
• Some fruit is very good to eat.

Remember that some nouns are Countable or Uncountable according to context.

Exclamations with :

1. What a ... ! (Countables singular)
2. What ... ! (plural, and uncountables)

Examples :
What a good idea!
What fun your friend Maisie is!

A(n) is used for any one example of a countable noun. The plural of this is some. It means 'an unknown number of' the things named by the noun. We prefer to use There is (are, was, etc.) to introduce this idea instead of the simple verb to be.

There is a broken chair in the corner of the room.
There were some books on this table yesterday.
There'll be a picnic in the forest next Friday.

The Definite Article the is used whenever the noun is identified for us as 'one special, known example' (or 'certain known examples' in the plural).

A man and a boy were going along a dusty road. The man was pushing the boy along the road on a toy bicycle. The bicycle belonged to the boy's sister.

Where there can be only 'one certain' example that is meant, we normally use the. (The sun, sky, ceiling, station, etc.)

An important group of common nouns (mostly names of places) are used without an article in phrases closely associated with their special purpose or function, but with an article in a more general sense.

He went to bed (to sleep).	He went to the bed (approached it).
He's at school (learning).	We walked round the dock(s).
The ship's in (dry) dock.	We walked round the dock(s).
Put it on paper (= write it).	There's a mark on the paper.

And similarly with : prison, college, hospital, market, church, harbour (port), barracks, deck, (under) canvas, (at) sea, by train, and a few others. Compare the following :

• There's a horse in the garden. (any single horse)
• Horses are animals. (all)
• Perhaps we'll see some horses there. (a certain number)
• The horses are ready. (definite horses we know about)

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Countables And Uncountables (Lists, Sets, Worksheet, And Excercise)

Countables And Uncountables (Lists, Sets, Worksheet, And Excercise)

rayhan fadillah       Comment   

Nouns naming things that we cannot count (Uncountable or Mass Nouns) have no indefinite article, and usually no plural. i.e., Ink, water, wood.

Remember that only Countable (or unit) nouns take a or an.
Examples :

• A cigarette is made of a tobacco and a paper.
• A milk comes from a cow.
• We make a butter and a cheese from a milk.
• A window is made of a glass.
• A handkerchief is made of a piece of cloth.
• A grass has always grows in an English field.
• A chair is made of a wood.
• A cat has a tail.
• A man eats a meat.
• A ring is made of a gold or a silver.
• A coffee is a drink.
• A coat is made of a wool.

Uncountable Nouns and Countable Nouns in the plural, are preceded by some when 'a certain quantity, or number' is implied.

Bread is good for us. (All bread, in general)
Give me some bread. (A certain quantity)

Examples :

• A table has four legs.
• Some fruit is very good to eat.

Remember that some nouns are Countable or Uncountable according to context.

Exclamations with :

1. What a ... ! (Countables singular)
2. What ... ! (plural, and uncountables)

Examples :
What a good idea!
What fun your friend Maisie is!

A(n) is used for any one example of a countable noun. The plural of this is some. It means 'an unknown number of' the things named by the noun. We prefer to use There is (are, was, etc.) to introduce this idea instead of the simple verb to be.

There is a broken chair in the corner of the room.
There were some books on this table yesterday.
There'll be a picnic in the forest next Friday.

The Definite Article the is used whenever the noun is identified for us as 'one special, known example' (or 'certain known examples' in the plural).

A man and a boy were going along a dusty road. The man was pushing the boy along the road on a toy bicycle. The bicycle belonged to the boy's sister.

Where there can be only 'one certain' example that is meant, we normally use the. (The sun, sky, ceiling, station, etc.)

An important group of common nouns (mostly names of places) are used without an article in phrases closely associated with their special purpose or function, but with an article in a more general sense.

He went to bed (to sleep).	He went to the bed (approached it).
He's at school (learning).	We walked round the dock(s).
The ship's in (dry) dock.	We walked round the dock(s).
Put it on paper (= write it).	There's a mark on the paper.

And similarly with : prison, college, hospital, market, church, harbour (port), barracks, deck, (under) canvas, (at) sea, by train, and a few others. Compare the following :

• There's a horse in the garden. (any single horse)
• Horses are animals. (all)
• Perhaps we'll see some horses there. (a certain number)
• The horses are ready. (definite horses we know about)

Read More