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Selasa, 19 April 2016

Correlative Conjunction, Examples Of How Its Use

rayhan fadillah Comment

A. Both ... and are correlative conjunctions. They used together to include two parallel structures (two nouns, adjective, verbs, and adverbs).

Here are the examples of correlative conjunction :

Incorrect : She speaks both English as well as Spanish.
Correct : She speaks both English and Spanish at home.

Incorrect : Virginia opened and a savings account and a checking account.
Correct : Virginia opened both a savings account and a checking account.

Incorrect : The weather on Sunday will be both sunny, warmer also.
Correct : The weather on Sunday will be both sunny and warmer.

Incorrect : We can use bike both to ride to school also go to the grocery store.
Correct : We can use the bike both to ride to school and to go to the grocery store.

Incorrect : The party will celebrate both our finishing the term as well your getting a new job.
Correct : The party will celebrate both our finishing the term and your getting a new job.

Tips

Avoid using as well as instead of and with both.
Avoid using both ... and for more than two nouns or adjectives.

B. Correlative Conjunction-Inclusive and ... as well as

Both ... and ... as well as are correlative conjunctions. They must be used in sequence to include two or three parallel structures (nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs).

Examples of correlative conjunction :

Incorrect : Both Mary, Ellen, and Jean are going on the tour.
Correct : Both Mary and Ellen as well as Jean are going on the tour.

Incorrect : My fiance is both attractive and intelligent as well considerate.
Correct : My fiance is both attractive and intelligent as well as considerate.

Incorrect : There are snacks both in the refrigerator and in the panggangan as well on the table.
Correct : There are snacks both in the refrigerator and in the oven as well as on the table.

Incorrect : To reach your goal, you must plan and work as well dream.
Correct : To reach your goal, you must plan and work as well as dream.

Incorrect : We will keep in touch by both writing and both calling and visiting each other.
Correct : We will keep in touch by both writing and calling as well as visiting each other.

Tips

Avoid using as well instead of as well as.

C. Correlative Conjunctions-Inclusive not only ... but also

Not only ... but also are correlative conjunctions. They are used together to include two parallel structures (two nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs).

Examples :

Incorrect : The kegiatan provides only not theoretical classes but also practical training.
Correct : The kegiatan provides not only theoretical classes but also practical training.

Incorrect :The new models are not only less expensive but more efficient also.
Correct : The new models are not only less expensive but also more efficient.

Incorrect : The objective is not to identify the dilema but also to solve it.
Correct : The objective is not only to identify the dilema but also to solve it.

Incorrect : Not only her parents but her brothers and sisters also live in Wisconsin.
Correct : Not only her parents but also her brothers and sisters live in Wisconsin.

Incorrect : To complete his physical education credits, John took not only swimming also golf.
Correct : To complete his physical education credits, John took not only swimming but also golf.

Tips

Avoid using only not instead of not only.
Avoid using but instead of but also.

D. Correlative Conjunction-Exclusives not ... but

Not ... but are correlative conjunctions. They are used together to exclude the structure that follows not (noun, adjective, verb, adverb) and include the structure that follows but.

Examples :

Incorrect : According to the coroner, she died not of injuries sustained in the accident, only of a heart attack.
Correct : According to the coroner, she died not of injuries sustained in the accident but of a heart attack.

Incorrect : The office that I was assigned was not large and cheerful but only small and dark.
Correct : The office that I was assigned was not large and cheerful but small and dark.

Incorrect : To judge your friends, you should not listen to what they say only observe what they do.
Correct : To judge your friends, you should not listen to what they say but observe what they do.

Incorrect : It is not the money only the principle that makes me angry.
Correct : It is not the money but the principle that makes me angry.

Tips

Avoid using only instead of but.

Correlative Conjunction, Examples Of How Its Use

rayhan fadillah Comment

A. Both ... and are correlative conjunctions. They used together to include two parallel structures (two nouns, adjective, verbs, and adverbs).

Here are the examples of correlative conjunction :

Incorrect : She speaks both English as well as Spanish.
Correct : She speaks both English and Spanish at home.

Incorrect : Virginia opened and a savings account and a checking account.
Correct : Virginia opened both a savings account and a checking account.

Incorrect : The weather on Sunday will be both sunny, warmer also.
Correct : The weather on Sunday will be both sunny and warmer.

Incorrect : We can use bike both to ride to school also go to the grocery store.
Correct : We can use the bike both to ride to school and to go to the grocery store.

Incorrect : The party will celebrate both our finishing the term as well your getting a new job.
Correct : The party will celebrate both our finishing the term and your getting a new job.

Tips

Avoid using as well as instead of and with both.
Avoid using both ... and for more than two nouns or adjectives.

Incorrect : Both Mary, Ellen, and Jean are going on the tour.
Correct : Both Mary and Ellen as well as Jean are going on the tour.

Incorrect : My fiance is both attractive and intelligent as well considerate.
Correct : My fiance is both attractive and intelligent as well as considerate.

Incorrect : There are snacks both in the refrigerator and in the panggangan as well on the table.
Correct : There are snacks both in the refrigerator and in the oven as well as on the table.

Incorrect : To reach your goal, you must plan and work as well dream.
Correct : To reach your goal, you must plan and work as well as dream.

Incorrect : We will keep in touch by both writing and both calling and visiting each other.
Correct : We will keep in touch by both writing and calling as well as visiting each other.

Tips

Avoid using as well instead of as well as.

Incorrect : The kegiatan provides only not theoretical classes but also practical training.
Correct : The kegiatan provides not only theoretical classes but also practical training.

Incorrect :The new models are not only less expensive but more efficient also.
Correct : The new models are not only less expensive but also more efficient.

Incorrect : The objective is not to identify the dilema but also to solve it.
Correct : The objective is not only to identify the dilema but also to solve it.

Incorrect : Not only her parents but her brothers and sisters also live in Wisconsin.
Correct : Not only her parents but also her brothers and sisters live in Wisconsin.

Incorrect : To complete his physical education credits, John took not only swimming also golf.
Correct : To complete his physical education credits, John took not only swimming but also golf.

Tips

Avoid using only not instead of not only.
Avoid using but instead of but also.

Incorrect : According to the coroner, she died not of injuries sustained in the accident, only of a heart attack.
Correct : According to the coroner, she died not of injuries sustained in the accident but of a heart attack.

Incorrect : The office that I was assigned was not large and cheerful but only small and dark.
Correct : The office that I was assigned was not large and cheerful but small and dark.

Incorrect : To judge your friends, you should not listen to what they say only observe what they do.
Correct : To judge your friends, you should not listen to what they say but observe what they do.

Incorrect : It is not the money only the principle that makes me angry.
Correct : It is not the money but the principle that makes me angry.

Tips

Avoid using only instead of but.

What Is Gerunds? What Are They? Definition Examples

rayhan fadillah Comment

The Simple Gerund

The gerund is the -ing form of the verb used as a noun. Notice that the gerund has the same form as the present participle. However, it functions differently in the sentence. It is always a noun and can function in any noun position.

Examples :

Swimming is good exercise. (subject)
My favorite sport is swimming. (subjective compliment)
Joel and Patrice enjoy dancing. (direct object)
I am tired of camping. (object of preposition)
Joel's favorite sport, fishing, is becoming expensive. (appositive)

The Gerund Phrase

While a gerund functions as a noun, it also retains some of the characteristics of a verb. Although it may have adjective modifies like a noun (usually before it). It may also have adverbial modifies like a verb (usually after it).

If a noun or pronoun precedes a gerund, it must be in the possessive, or adjectival form. In this section the gerund phrase is italicized; the simple gerund is underlined.

Examples :

Your singing is beautiful.
Joel was grateful for Patrice's attending his graduation.
I appreciate Patrice's going to hospital with me.

Verb Frequently Followed by Gerund

As has been shown, when gerunds follow verb, they functions as direct objects of those verbs. The sentences pattern thus formed is noun + verb + noun, a pattern that requires a transitive verb. However, only certain verbs can be followed by gerunds.

Here is a reference list of some of the more common verbs that can be followed by gerunds, together with illustrative sentences.

Admit : The thief admitted stealing the money
Appreciate : Patrice would appreciate hearing from you.
Detest : How I detest her singing!
Avoid : After their quarrel, she has avoided meeting him.
Consider : Joel has already considered continuing his studies.
Continue : He will continue studying.

The other verbs are :

Deny
Detest
Enjoy
Stop
Practice
Try
Escape
Finish
Forgive
Imagine
Keep
Mind
Miss
Notice, etc.

Example of article using gerund - Articles to promote things

Do you want to save money on fruit and vegetables?

These days, who doesn't it?

Then I can recommend the new Farmer's Market, next to the Foster Street railroad station. It's only open from 8 to 12 Monday, Wednesday, and Friday mornings, but you should take the trouble to go there.

There are a lot of fruits, and the prices are very good. Yesterday I bought six melons only for 69c each. The same melons were $1.15 each in Foodland Supermarket.

At this time of year they only have a few fresh vegetables, but I found some beautiful lettuce for 49c, and peas were only 89c a pound. Not many supermarkets in Midvale have prices that low. Even during their weekend specials.

There are some things that I didn't like. They don't have many dairy products. Last week they didn't have much cheese, and they didn't have any butter. Also, you should shop early. The good things sell out fast.

What Is Gerunds? What Are They? Definition Examples

rayhan fadillah Comment

The Simple Gerund

Swimming is good exercise. (subject)
My favorite sport is swimming. (subjective compliment)
Joel and Patrice enjoy dancing. (direct object)
I am tired of camping. (object of preposition)
Joel's favorite sport, fishing, is becoming expensive. (appositive)

The Gerund Phrase

Your singing is beautiful.
Joel was grateful for Patrice's attending his graduation.
I appreciate Patrice's going to hospital with me.

Verb Frequently Followed by Gerund

Admit : The thief admitted stealing the money
Appreciate : Patrice would appreciate hearing from you.
Detest : How I detest her singing!
Avoid : After their quarrel, she has avoided meeting him.
Consider : Joel has already considered continuing his studies.
Continue : He will continue studying.

The other verbs are :

Deny
Detest
Enjoy
Stop
Practice
Try
Escape
Finish
Forgive
Imagine
Keep
Mind
Miss
Notice, etc.

What Is Relative Clause? What Are They?

rayhan fadillah Comment

A relative clause adds extra information about one of the nouns in the main clause.

The relative clause goes immediately after the noun it relates to.
The relative pronoun goes at the beginning of the relative clause.
The relative clause pronouns are who (whom, whose), which and that.
The relative pronoun can be omitted unless it is the subject of the relative clause.

1. The relative pronoun as subject of a relative clause

1. 1. Relative clauses about people

Who (or that) links two separate ideas about the same person or people.
We join these two ideas by using who instead of the personal pronoun (he, she, or they) in the second clause.

Example :

There's the doctor. She used to live next door.

There's the doctor is a main clause, and She (who/that) is a personal pronoun of the doctor, while she used to live next door is a relative clause.

1. 2. Relative clause about things

Which (or that) links two separate ideas about the same thing or things. We join these two ideas by using which or that instead of it or they.

Example :

I'm writing about a camera. It doesn't work properly.

I'm writing about a camera is main clause, and It (which) doesn't work properly is relative clause.

2. The relative pronoun as object of a relative clause

2. 1. The relative pronoun goes at the beginning of the relative clause, even when it is the object of the clause.

Example 1 :

There's the doctor. I met him yesterday.

The doctor = him.

Him could be that, who.

Example 2 :

I am writing about a camera. I bought it in your shop.

A camera = It.

It could be that, which.

Who, whom, or that can all be used as a relative object pronoun referring to a person. Whom is (rare), but is more (correct) that who in (written English).

2. 2. Omitting the relative pornoun

We often omit the relative pronoun when it is the object of the relative clause. But remember, don't omit it when it is the subject. In these examples, the brackets (#) show where the pronoun is omitted.

There's the doctor (#) I met yesterday.
I am writing about a camera (#) I bought in your shop.

Note : This is sometimes called a zero relative pronoun. The clause is called a zero relative clause.

3. The position of the relative clause

A relative clause follows the noun it relates to, wherever the noun is in the sentence. Here the relative clause is in the subject :

The new cars have all been sold. They were made in Ireland.
> The new cars which were made in Ireland have all been sold.

From the sentences above, we can figure out that the main clause is the new cars ... have all been sold, and the relative clause is which were made in Ireland.

What Is Relative Clause? What Are They?

rayhan fadillah Comment

A relative clause adds extra information about one of the nouns in the main clause.

The relative clause goes immediately after the noun it relates to.
The relative pronoun goes at the beginning of the relative clause.
The relative clause pronouns are who (whom, whose), which and that.
The relative pronoun can be omitted unless it is the subject of the relative clause.

There's the doctor (#) I met yesterday.
I am writing about a camera (#) I bought in your shop.

Note : This is sometimes called a zero relative pronoun. The clause is called a zero relative clause.

3. The position of the relative clause

A relative clause follows the noun it relates to, wherever the noun is in the sentence. Here the relative clause is in the subject :

The new cars have all been sold. They were made in Ireland.
> The new cars which were made in Ireland have all been sold.

From the sentences above, we can figure out that the main clause is the new cars ... have all been sold, and the relative clause is which were made in Ireland.

What Are Noun Clause? When And How We Use It?

rayhan fadillah Comment

A noun clause is a subordinate clause used as a noun. It functions as a noun in the sentence.

Examples :

He noticed her nervousness. (noun)
He noticed that she was nervous. (noun clause)

The noun clauses may be introduced by subordinate conjunctions or relative pronouns.

Position of the Noun Clause

Since the noun clause may be used in the same way in which a noun is used, it can occur anywhere in the sentence that a noun can occur.

1. Subject of The Sentence

His destination is a secret.
Where he is going is a secret.

2. Indirect Object

The club will give the winner a prize.
The club will give whoever wins a prize.

3. Direct Object

I know his name.
I know what his name is.

4. Subjective Compliment

This is my opinion.
This is what I think.

5. Objective Compliment

She will name him John.
She will name him whatever she wants to.

6. Object of Preposition

She worried about his health.
She worried about how ill he was.

7. Appositive

One problem, his incompetence, will be hard to deal with.
One problem, that he is incompetence, will be hard to deal with.

8. Object of Participle

Remembering her remark, I was careful to be on time.
Remembering what she said, I was careful to be on time.

9. Object of An Infinitive

John asked her to read the manuscript.
John asked her to read what he had written.

10. Object of A Gerund

Knowing English is very useful to him.
Knowing that he is here is a comfort to me.

Basically, there are two types of clause; main (or independent) and dependent (or subordinate). Both types have a subject and a verb.

The main clause express a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. The dependent clause does not express a complete thought and is always attached to a main clause.

Examples :

John wanted a new car. (main clause)
She is in my class. (main clause)
What john wanted? (dependent clause)
Who she is? (dependent clause)

A noun clause is a group of words which has a subject and a verb and functions in the same way as a one-word noun.

Examples :

Where I decide to live will be determined by my job. (noun clause as subject)
This small battery is what the transmitter needs. (noun clause as a predicate noun)
I believe that Mr. Wilson spoke about the new wiring code. (noun clause as direct object)

Noun clause are subordinate clauses which can fill the position of noun phrases. That is, they take the position of subject, object, complement, etc. in a clause.

There are four main kinds of noun clause in English :

1. That clause
No one believes that the earth is flat.

2. WH-clause
What I believe is no business of yours.

3. Infinite clause
Our plan is to catch the early train.

4. -ing clause
You are in danger of making a bad mistake.

What Are Noun Clause? When And How We Use It?

rayhan fadillah Comment

A noun clause is a subordinate clause used as a noun. It functions as a noun in the sentence.

Examples :

He noticed her nervousness. (noun)
He noticed that she was nervous. (noun clause)

The noun clauses may be introduced by subordinate conjunctions or relative pronouns.

Position of the Noun Clause

Since the noun clause may be used in the same way in which a noun is used, it can occur anywhere in the sentence that a noun can occur.

1. Subject of The Sentence

His destination is a secret.
Where he is going is a secret.

2. Indirect Object

The club will give the winner a prize.
The club will give whoever wins a prize.

3. Direct Object

I know his name.
I know what his name is.

4. Subjective Compliment

This is my opinion.
This is what I think.

5. Objective Compliment

She will name him John.
She will name him whatever she wants to.

6. Object of Preposition

She worried about his health.
She worried about how ill he was.

7. Appositive

One problem, his incompetence, will be hard to deal with.
One problem, that he is incompetence, will be hard to deal with.

8. Object of Participle

Remembering her remark, I was careful to be on time.
Remembering what she said, I was careful to be on time.

9. Object of An Infinitive

John asked her to read the manuscript.
John asked her to read what he had written.

10. Object of A Gerund

Knowing English is very useful to him.
Knowing that he is here is a comfort to me.

John wanted a new car. (main clause)
She is in my class. (main clause)
What john wanted? (dependent clause)
Who she is? (dependent clause)

A noun clause is a group of words which has a subject and a verb and functions in the same way as a one-word noun.

Examples :

Where I decide to live will be determined by my job. (noun clause as subject)
This small battery is what the transmitter needs. (noun clause as a predicate noun)
I believe that Mr. Wilson spoke about the new wiring code. (noun clause as direct object)

English Preposition, Definition, Uses Examples

rayhan fadillah Comment

Prepositions are word used with a noun or pronoun to show how the person or thing denoted by the noun pronoun stands in relation to something else. (Examples : in, beside, from, to, etc.)

They are words which typically go before noun phrases or pronouns.

Examples :

He walks beside me.
There are some foods in the fridge.
The bank is next to supermarket.

If a verb comes after a preposition (in, at, with, about, etc.), the verb ends in -ing.

Here are another example of sentences using prepositions :

Are you interested in working for us.
I'm not very good at learning languages.
I'm fed up with studying.
The children are excited about going on holiday.
What are the advantages of having a car?
This knife is only for cutting bread.
John went to work in spite of feeling ill.
I bought a new bicycle instead of going away on holiday.

English Preposition, Definition, Uses Examples

rayhan fadillah Comment

He walks beside me.
There are some foods in the fridge.
The bank is next to supermarket.

If a verb comes after a preposition (in, at, with, about, etc.), the verb ends in -ing.

Here are another example of sentences using prepositions :

Are you interested in working for us.
I'm not very good at learning languages.
I'm fed up with studying.
The children are excited about going on holiday.
What are the advantages of having a car?
This knife is only for cutting bread.
John went to work in spite of feeling ill.
I bought a new bicycle instead of going away on holiday.

Reflexive And Emphatic Pronouns

rayhan fadillah Comment

Reflexive pronouns usually refer back to the subject of the clause or sentence.

Examples :

I hurt myself. He hurts himself.
I admire myself. But James hates himself.

Emphatic pronouns refer the -self pronoun gives emphases to the noun phrase or pronoun in front of it.

Examples :

The great man himself visited us. We felt very proud.
We ourselves cooked the dinner. (it means that nobody else cooked the dinner)
They were introduce to the princess herself.
The garden's very untidy, but the house itself is beautiful.

Reflexive And Emphatic Pronouns

rayhan fadillah Comment

Reflexive pronouns usually refer back to the subject of the clause or sentence.

Examples :

I hurt myself. He hurts himself.
I admire myself. But James hates himself.

Emphatic pronouns refer the -self pronoun gives emphases to the noun phrase or pronoun in front of it.

Examples :

The great man himself visited us. We felt very proud.
We ourselves cooked the dinner. (it means that nobody else cooked the dinner)
They were introduce to the princess herself.
The garden's very untidy, but the house itself is beautiful.

Raytecho

Selasa, 19 April 2016

Correlative Conjunction, Examples Of How Its Use

Correlative Conjunction, Examples Of How Its Use

Rabu, 13 April 2016

What Is Gerunds? What Are They? Definition Examples

The Simple Gerund

The Gerund Phrase

Verb Frequently Followed by Gerund

What Is Gerunds? What Are They? Definition Examples

The Simple Gerund

The Gerund Phrase

Verb Frequently Followed by Gerund

What Is Relative Clause? What Are They?

What Is Relative Clause? What Are They?

Jumat, 08 April 2016

What Are Noun Clause? When And How We Use It?

Position of the Noun Clause

What Are Noun Clause? When And How We Use It?

Position of the Noun Clause

Kamis, 07 April 2016

English Preposition, Definition, Uses Examples

English Preposition, Definition, Uses Examples

Rabu, 06 April 2016

Reflexive And Emphatic Pronouns

Reflexive And Emphatic Pronouns

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